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Affiliated Faculty

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Behavioral Marketing

Jennifer.jpgJennifer Aaker

Jennifer Aaker's area of expertise lies in consumer psychology, focusing on how individuals across distinct cultural contexts can feel, think, and experience events in different (and sometimes very similar) ways. She also focuses on understanding emotions and the psychology of consumer-brand relationships. Aaker's research has been published in marketing and psychology journals, and she has been honored with a number of awards. She also sits on the editorial review boards of the Journal of Consumer Research (Associate Editor), the Journal of Marketing Research, and the Journal of Consumer Psychology.

Selected Publications:

DrangaskaMichaela Draganska

Michaela Draganska develops econometric models of consumer and firm behavior to help marketing managers make better decisions using readily available data sources. Combining game-theoretic modeling with empirical analysis, her research seeks to explain the strategic impact of firms’ decisions. She currently focuses on four areas: a) Product line length as a marketing instrument; b) product positioning decisions; c) competition in distribution channels; and d) optimal advertising strategies. Her research has been published in leading journals such as Marketing Science, Management Science, Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, and Journal of Industrial Economics.

Selected Publications:

  • The Influence of Variety on Brand Perceptions, Choice, and Experience with Jonah Berger and Itamar Simonson: Marketing Science, 2006
  • Consumer Preferences and Product-line Pricing Strategies: An Empirical Analysis with Dipak Jain: Marketing Science, 2006
  • Market Segmentation Strategies of Multiproduct Firms: Journal of Industrial Economics, 2006
  • Product Line Length as a Competitive Tool: Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 2005

UzmaUzma Khan

Professor Khan's research interests fall in the area of behavioral judgment and decision-making. She uses psychological and economic principles to explain how consumers form preferences in order to understand and predict their behavior and to recommend successful managerial strategies. Her primary focus is on sequential and inter-temporal decision-making. For instance, her recent research investigates how a current choice is influenced by prior unrelated decisions or by similar future choices. In another stream of research she examines the deliberative and implicit processes of self-regulation in sequential decision settings and in multi-goal environments.

Selected Publications:

  • Where There Is a Way, Is There A Will? The Effect of Future Choices on Current Preferences: Journal of Experimental Psychology-General, 136(2), 277-288., 2007
  • The Shopping Momentum Effect: Journal of Marketing Research, 44 (3), 370-378, 2007
  • Licensing Effect in Consumer Choice: Journal of Marketing Research, 43, 259-266, 2006
  • A New Look at Constructed Choice Processes: Marketing Letters, 16(3), 321-333, 2005

BabaBaba Shiv

Baba Shiv’s research is in the area of consumer decision making and decision neuroscience, with specific emphasis on the role of emotion in decision making, the neurological bases of emotion, and nonconscious mental processes in decision making. His recent work examines the potential for nonconscious placebo effects related to pricing and the empirical validity of the adage, “Eating Whets the Appetite,” with findings suggesting that food samples (“appetizers”) can have broader effects than previously conceived.

Selected Publications:

  • Placebo Effects of Marketing Actions: Consumer May Get What they Pay For: Lead Article, Journal of Marketing Research, 42 (November), 383-393, 2005
  • The Dark Side of Emotion in Decision-Making: When Individuals with Decreased Emotional Reactions Make More Advantageous Decisions: Cognitive Brain Research, 23 (April), 85-92, 2005
  • Influence of Consumer Distractions on the Effectiveness of Food Sampling Programs: Journal of Marketing Research, 42 (May), 157-168, 2005
  • Let Us Eat and Drink, For Tomorrow We Shall Die: Effects of Mortality Salience and Self-Esteem on Self-Regulation in Consumer Choice: Journal of Consumer Research, 32 (June), 65-75, 2005

ItamarItimar Simonson

Itamar Simonson’s research includes consumer decision making, buyer behavior, consumer evaluation of brands and promotional offers, marketing management, and survey methods. Some of Simonson’s studies demonstrate a variety of seemingly irrelevant and irrational influences on consumers' decisions. These studies introduce a new perspective on consumer behavior and suggest more effective approaches to the design of market research investigations and marketing strategies.

Selected Publications:

  • Will I like a medium pillow? Another look at constructed and inherent preferences: Journal of Consumer Psychology, 2008
  • Regarding inherent preferences: Journal of Consumer Psychology, 2008
  • Determinants of Customers' Responses to Customized Offers: Conceptual Framework and Research Propositions: Journal of Marketing, Vol. 69, 2005
  • The Effect of Product Assortment on Consumer Preferences: Journal of Retailing, 1999

SeenuV. Seenu Srinivasan

“Seenu” Srinivasan’s expertise is in the area of market research. In particular, he is most well known for his research in “conjoint analysis.” This survey-based research approach is useful for product (or service) planning and pricing by predicting which among several multi-attribute products or services customers are likely to choose. Every year more than 10,000 commercial applications of conjoint analysis methods occur. His other research interests are new product development, the measurement of brand equity, and market structure analysis (the nature and magnitude of substitutability among brands in a product market).

Selected Publications:

MonicMonic Sun

Monic Sun’s research seeks to understand how sellers strategically disclose product information to consumers. Her research highlights the fact that quality is only one of many dimensions of the product, and other dimensions such as the product’s positioning in the market and breadth of appeal are also critical determinants of optimal disclosure strategies. Professor Sun’s recent studies investigate, for example, how a product’s quality and positioning jointly determines a firm’s incentive to offer free samples. Professor Sun is also interested in dynamic quality adjustments, product line design, and Internet marketing.

Working Papers:

ZakZakary Tormala

Professor Zakary Tormala’s research interests fall within the domains of attitudes and persuasion. His primary areas of emphasis include attitude formation, maintenance, and change; persuasion and social influence; and attitude strength and structure. Much of his work takes a metacognitive approach in these areas, exploring the role of people’s thoughts about and perceptions of their own thoughts and attitudes in social and consumer contexts. For instance, some of his recent research seeks to better understand the feeling of attitude certainty, its origins, and its numerous implications for evaluative decision making and attitude-relevant behavior.

Selected Publications:

  • A new look at the consequences of attitude certainty: The amplification hypothesis: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2008
  • Ease of retrieval effects in social judgment: The role of unrequested cognitions: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2007
  • Unpacking attitude certainty: Attitude clarity and attitude correctness: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2007
  • The role of the need for cognitive closure in the effectiveness of the disrupt-then-reframe influence technique: Journal of Consumer Research, 2007

ChristianS. Christian Wheeler

Christian Wheeler’s research focuses on how consumers form evaluations and make decisions. This research comprises two interrelated streams. The first stream includes an examination of the various processes involved in attitude formation, maintenance, and change. In particular, his recent work has examined how individuals’ self-beliefs can alter the degree and means by which they are influenced by persuasive messages. The second stream includes an examination of nonconscious processes affecting behavior and judgment. This research suggests that individuals may be affected by subtle situational influences without their awareness or intention.

Selected Publications:

  • Gao, L., Wheeler, S. C., & Shiv, B. The “Shaken Self”: Product Choices as a Means of Restoring Self-View Confidence: Forthcoming at Journal of Consumer Research, 2009
  • Smeesters, D., Wheeler, S. C., and Kay, A. C. The Role of Interpersonal Perceptions in the Prime-to-Behavior Pathway: Forthcoming at Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2008
  • Maimaran, M., & Wheeler, S. C. Circles, Squares, and Choice: The Effect of Shape Arrays on Uniqueness and Variety Seeking: Forthcoming at Journal of Marketing Research, 2008
  • Petty, R. E., Barden, J., & Wheeler, S. C. The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion: Health promotions that yield sustained behavioral change: Forthcoming in New and emerging theories in health promotion and health education, Jossey-Bass, 2008

 

Organizational Behavior

FrankFrancis J. Flynn

Professor Frank Flynn’s research focuses on interpersonal relations in organizations. In particular, he studies three topics of interest: (1) How employees can develop healthy patterns of cooperation; (2) How the negative impact of racial and gender stereotyping in the workplace can be mitigated; and (3) Why certain individuals tend to emerge as leaders and assume positions of power in organizations. His work bridges the fields of management and social psychology, leading to scholarly as well as practical insights on organizational life.

Selected Publications:

  • If you need help, just ask”: Underestimating compliance with direct requests for help: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 95, 128-143, 2008
  • Helping one’s way to the top: Self-monitors achieve status by helping others and knowing who helps whom: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2006
  • The relationship between leadership style and regulatory mode: Value from fit?: Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 100, 216-230, 2006
  • What’s good for the goose may not be good for the gander: The benefits of self-monitoring for men and women: Journal of Applied Psychology, 91, 272-283, 2006

DebDeborah H. Gruenfeld

Deborah H Gruenfeld is a social psychologist whose research and teaching examine how people are transformed by the organizations and social structures in which they work. The author of numerous articles on the psychology of power, and on group behavior, Professor Gruenfeld has taught popular courses on these and related topics to MBA students and executives at Stanford and at Northwestern University’s J.L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management.

Selected Publications:

  • Power, Approach and Inhibition: Psychological Review, 2003
  • From Power to Action: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2003
  • What Do Groups Learn from Their Worldliest Memebers? Direct and Indirect Influence in Dynamic Teams: Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 200
  • Upending the Status Quo: Cognitive Complexity in Supreme Court Justices Who Overturn Legal Precedent: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2000

ChipChip Heath

Chip Heath’s research focuses on two general areas: What makes ideas succeed in the social marketplace of ideas, and how can people design messages to make them stick? How do individuals, groups, and organizations make important decisions and what mistakes do they make?

Selected Publications:

RoderickRoderick Kramer

Roderick Kramer’s research focuses on a number of topics, including the social psychology of trust and distrust, cooperation, creativity, decision making, leadership, impression management, social identity theory, group processes and decision making, and organizational paranoia. His most recent research has examined the cognitive determinants of judgments of creativity in Hollywood “pitch” meetings, where screenwriters present their ideas to agents and producers.

Selected Publications:

  • Trust and Distrust in Organizations: Dilemmas and Approaches: Russell Sage Foundation, 2004
  • Psychology of Leadership: New Perspectives and Research: Erlbaum Publishers, 2004
  • The Harder They Fall: Harvard Business Reivew, 2003
  • When Paranoia Makes Sense: Harvard Business Review, 2002

BrianBrian Lowery

Professor Lowery’s research seeks to extend knowledge of individuals' experience of inequality and fairness. His work suggests that individuals distinguish between inequalities framed as advantage as opposed to disadvantage. This finding affects how individuals perceive inequality and the steps they take, if any, to reduce it. Thus, his work sheds light on intergroup conflict and the nature of social justice.

Selected Publications:

  • On the malleability of ideology: Motivated construals of color-blindness: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2008
  • The two faces of dominance: The differential effect of ingroup superiority and outgroup inferiority on dominant-group identity and group-esteem: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2008
  • Concern for the Ingroup and Opposition to Affirmative Action: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2006
  • Social Tuning of Automatic Racial Attitudes: The Role of Affiliative Motivation: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2005

BenoitBenoÎt Monin

Using the methods of experimental social psychology, Professor Monin's research investigates the interplay between self-image and morality. He seeks to understand for instance when individuals behave unethically, and how they live with it; the consequences of high or low self-confidence; the meaning and role of morality in everyday life; and what empirical psychology can contribute to ethics.

Selected Publications:

  • Jordan, A.H., & Monin, B. (2008). From sucker to saint: Moralization in response to self-threat. Psychological Science, 19(8), 683-689.
  • Monin, B., Sawyer, P., & Marquez, M. (2008). The rejection of moral rebels: Resenting those who do the right thing. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(1), 76-93.
  • Crosby, J.R., Monin, B., & Richardson, D. (2008). Where do we look during potentially offensive behavior? Psychological Science, 19(3), 226-228.
  • Monin, B., Pizarro, D., & Beer, J. (2007). Deciding vs. reacting: Conceptions of moral judgment and the reason-affect debate. Review of General Psychology, 11(2), 99-111.

LizElizabeth Mullen

Elizabeth Mullen’s research interests include social justice, conflict resolution, and political psychology. Her current work focuses on how people’s emotions and moral convictions influence their fairness reasoning and judgments. She also investigates ideological differences in liberals’ and conservatives’ support for public policies.

Selected Publications:

  • Mullen, E., & Nadler, J. Moral spillovers: (2008). The effect of moral violations on deviant behavior.: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology., 2008
  • Mullen, E., & Skitka, L. J. (in press) Comparing Americans’ and Ukrainians’ allocations of public assistance: The role of affective reactions in helping behavior.: Journal of Cross Cultural Pscyhology,, 2008
  • Mullen, E., & Skitka, L. J. (2006) Exploring the psychological underpinnings of the moral mandate effect: Motivated reasoning, group differentiation, or anger?: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90. 629-643, 2006
  • Skitka, L. J., Bauman, C. W., & Mullen, E. Political tolerance and coming to psychological closure following the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 743-756. , 2004

MaggieMargaret A. Neale

Margaret Neale’s research focuses primarily on negotiation and team performance. Her work has extended judgment and decision-making research from cognitive psychology to the field of negotiation. In particular, she studies cognitive and social processes that produce departures from effective negotiating behavior. Within the context of teams, her work explores aspects of team composition and group process that enhance the ability of teams to share the information necessary for learning and problem solving in both face-to-face and virtual team environments.

Selected Publications:

  • What differences make a difference? The promise and reality of diverse teams in organizations.: Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 6, 2005
  • Diverse groups and information sharing: The effect of congruent ties: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 497-510, 2004
  • Information technology as a jealous mistress: Competition for knowledge between individuals and organizations.: Management Information System Quarterly, 27, 265-287, 2003
  • Who's really sharing: Effects of social and expert status on knowledge exchange within groups.: Management Science, 49, 464-477, 2003

DaleDale Miller

Professor Dale Miller is Director of the Stanford Graduate School of Business' Center for Social Innovation. His research interests include the impact of social norms on behavior and the role that justice considerations play in individual and organizational decisions. His recent work focuses on the motivations underlying volunteerism and the conditions under which individuals and organizations abandon one course of action to pursue another.

Selected Publications:

  • Commiting Altruism Under the Cloak of Self-Interest: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,38, 144-151, 2002
  • The Emergence of Homegrown Stereotypes: American Psychologist, 57, 352-359, 2002
  • Disrespect and the Experience of Injustice: Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 527-553, 2001
  • The Norm of Self-Interest: American Psychologist, 54, 1-8, 1999

CharlesCharles O’Reilly

Professor Charles O’Reilly’s research includes studies of leadership, organizational culture and demography, the management of human resources, and the impact of change and innovation on firms. He has published widely in his field, including the books Winning Through Innovation: a Practical Guide to Leading Organizational Change and Renewal with M. Tushman (Harvard Business School Press, 2002) and Hidden Value: How Great Companies Achieve Extraordinary Results with Ordinary People with J. Pfeffer (Harvard Business School Press, 2000). His recent work investigates how managers can design organizations that can generate streams of innovation and deal with disruptive technological change.

Selected Publications:

  • Fitting in: The effects of relational demography and person-culture fit on group process and performance: Group & Organization Management, 2007
  • Overpaid CEOs and Underpaid Managers: Fairness and Executive Compensation: Organization Science, 2006
  • Cisco Systems: Developing a Human Capital Strategy: California Manaqgement Review, 2005
  • Asymmetric reactions to work group sex diversity among men and women: Academy of Management Journal, 2004

JeffJeffrey Pfeffer

Jeffrey Pfeffer has published extensively in the fields of organization theory and human resource management. His current research focuses on the relationship between time and money, power and leadership in organizations, economics language and assumptions and their effects on management practice, how social science theories become self-fulfilling, barriers to turning knowledge into action and how to overcome them, and evidence-based management and what it is, barriers to its use, and how to implement it.

Selected Publications:

  • Hard Facts: Dangerous Half-Truths, and Total Nonsense: Profiting from Evidence-Based Management: Harvard Business School Press, 2006
  • The Knowing-Doing Gap: How Smart Companies Turn Knowledge Into Action: Harvard Business School Press, 2000
  • The Human Equation: Building Profits by Putting People First: Harvard Business School Press, 1998
  • Managing with Power: Politics and Influence in organiztions: Harvard Business School Press, 1992

JamesJames Phills

Jim Phills is director of the Center for Social Innovation (CSI). He directs a number of CSI’s executive programs and teaches MBA electives on nonprofit strategy and social entrepreneurship. His research focuses on the emerging area of social innovation. In particular, Phills explores the growing exchange of ideas, talent, capital, and values across sector boundaries and the shifting roles and relationships between of business, government, and nonprofits in development of innovative solutions to social problems. He has also studied learning at the group, organizational, and societal levels of analysis.

Selected Publications:

  • Integrating Mission and Strategy for Nonprofit Organizations, Oxford University Press, USA, 2005
  • Minnesota Public Radio: The Price of Commercial Success: Stanford Social Innovation Review, 3(1), 2005
  • Leadership matters -- or does it?: Leader to Leader, 36, 2005
  • The Sound of No Music: The perils of confusing mission and strategy: Stanford Social Innovation Review, 2(2), 2004

RaoHaragreeva Rao

Professor Rao has published widely in the fields of management and sociology and studies the social and cultural causes of organizational change. In his research, he studies three sub-processes of organizational change: a) creation of new social structures, b) the transformation of existing social structures, and c) the dissolution of existing social structures. His recent work investigates the role of social movements as motors of organizational change in professional and organizational fields.

Selected Publications:

  • The Winds of Change: Progressvisim and the Bureaucratization of Thrift: American Sociological Review, 2007
  • Vox Populi: Resource Partitioning, Organizational Proliferation, and the Cultural Impact of the Insurgent Micro-Radio Movement: American Journal of Sociology, 2006
  • Border Crossing: Bricolage and the Erosion of Culinary Categories in French Gastronomy: American Sociological Review, 2005
  • Store Wars: The Enactment and Repeal of Anti-Chain Store Legislation in America: American Journal of Sociology, 2004

LaraLarissa Tiedens

Professor Tiedens' research is primarily in two areas: (1) the psychology of social hierarchies, and (2) the social context of emotion. She is specifically interested in the psychological processes involved in the creation and maintenance of hierarchical relationships. Her work on emotion is concerned with the effects of emotion on social judgment and with relations between social roles and emotions.

Selected Publications:

  • The Powerful Want To, the Powerless Have To: Perceived Constraint Moderates Causal Attributions: European Journal of Social Psychology, 36, 2006
  • Portrait of the Angry Decision Maker: How Appraisal Tendencies Shape Anger's Influence on Cognition: Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 19, 2006
  • Get Mad and Get More Than Even: The Benefits of Anger Expressions in Negotiations: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42, 2006
  • Mea culpa: Predicting Stock Prices from Organizational Attributions: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2004

Political Economics

NeilNeil Malhotra

Professor Malhotra’s research interests include political psychology, legislative politics, and survey methodology. Among other topics, he has written on responsibility attribution following government failure, the relationship between legislative institutions and public finance, optimal methods for designing and analyzing surveys, and publication bias in the social sciences. Among other topics, he is currently studying the influence of risk perceptions on political attitudes, voting behavior in presidential primaries, and leadership selection in the U.S. Congress.

Selected Publications:

  • Assigning Blame: The Public’s Response to Hurricane Katrina: Journal of Politics, 2008
  • Completion Time and Response Order Effects in Web Surveys: Public Opinion Quarterly, 2008
  • Disentangling the Relationship between Legislative Professionalism and Government Spending: Legislative Studies Quarterly, 2008
  • Do Statistical Reporting Standards Affect What Is Published? Publication Bias in Two Leading Political Science Journals: Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 2008