Skip to Content

Public Management Program

 

Public Management Initiative (PMI)

Technology and Social Change (1997-8)

Introduction

Technology has always created revolutions in society. The printing press, steam engine, and electricity all sparked tremendous changes in the ways people work, play, and interact. These changes, and their side effects, sometimes lead to greater good and sometimes undermine progress. The same will be true for the latest technological innovations from all fields of science. From personal computers to genetics to new materials to cognitive research, all have the potential to transform the way we live, both positively and negatively, in both anticipated and surprising ways. The 1997-98 Public Management Initiative explored the ways in which technology can be a catalyst and enabler of social change.

Framework

A four-part framework guided PMP students' examination of the issues related to technology as a societal influence.

Individuals & Institutions

Using Technology

Enables

Social Change

The Agent

  • Who is deploying technology?
  • What are their motivations and interests?

The Means

  • What are the technologies which affect our lives?

The Process

  • What are the processes by which those technologies can influence us?

The Ends

  • What are the outcomes?

Including:

  • Governments
  • Corporations
  • Not-for-Profits
  • Foundations
  • Schools
  • Parents
  • Children

Definitions of "technology," Including:

  • Information technology
  • Genetics
  • Biomechanical
  • New materials
  • Cognitive science

Including:

  • Learning and information sharing
  • Community building
  • Productivity diffusion
  • Drivers of adoption
  • Barriers to adoption
  • Innovation adoption cycle
  • Replicability
  • Scalability
  • Mature vs. initial conditions
  • Pace of change
  • Paradigm shifts vs. incremental changes
  • Purposeful vs. unanticipated effects
  • Recipients of benefits

Scope

These new technologies raise important questions in a broad range of social issue areas, all of which may be addressed in the course of the PMI. For example:

Health Care

  • How do new treatments conflict with societal values regarding life and death?
  • How can information technology change the health care delivery system, in the U.S and abroad?
  • What benefits and dangers have been introduced by health care organizations and interests?

Education

  • How effectively is information technology used to support learning in ways consistent with the latest cognitive science research?
  • What role do teachers' unions play in the pace of adoption of technology?

Community and International Development

  • Can less-developed countries leapfrog social problems by leveraging technology?
  • How can institutions like the United Nations capitalize on the technology?
  • What are the downsides, and who might play a role in resolving them?

Political Action and Government

  • Can information technology provide more power in grassroots organizing?
  • How is technology being used to make government more efficient, or even to change its role?

Issue Areas

In addition to issue-specific questions, the topic highlights some common themes across issue areas:

At what pace is technology being adopted to achieve social ends?

  • What are the barriers to and drivers of faster adoption?
  • What is the process by which diffusion of ideas occurs?
  • How equitably is technology used? Is it improving the relative status of the poor, or is it widening the gap?
  • What changes in social interaction result from increased exposure to "virtual communities"?

The potential "downside" of these technologies needs to be considered carefully.

Activities

The PMI served as both an informational vehicle and forum for action. Speakers, a panel and newspaper articles provided a framework for understanding technology's role in social change. Partnerships with organizations (both within and outside the GSB) provided opportunities for students to support current work related to the topic.

Some of the issues pertinent to the PMI that students considered were:

Focus Area & Specific Issues

Potential Speakers

Potential Partners for Action

Urban & Rural Poverty

  • Technology's potential to desegregate inner cities
  • Potential competitive advantages of inner city businesses that make use of information technology
  • Access for those without access to higher education or computers at home
  • Michael Porter
  • Greg Dees
  • Start-Up (GSB) (e.g., provide technology training; build an incubator)
  • Mountain Association for Community Economic Development (e.g., study trip; "virtual" collaboration)
  • Plugged In (e.g., consulting to)
  • ACT (GSB alumni) (e.g., technology-related consulting for nonprofit)

Not-for-Profit Organizations

  • Profit/nonprofit collaboration models, where for profit firms contribute expertise (not funds)
  • IT as a coordinating tool among nonprofits
  • Technology as an operational tool
  • Implications for developing countries
  • Steve Jobs, NeXT, Apple
  • Bill Gates, Microsoft
  • John Morgridge, Cisco Systems
  • Lew Platt, Hewlett Packard
  • Who Cares (e.g., consulting to)
  • Impact Online (e.g., misc. projects)
  • Malaysia Multimedia Super Corridor (e.g., study trip)
  • MBAid (GSB) (e.g., develop summer internship)
  • GMP (GSB) (e.g., sessions at Emerging Markets Conference)

The Future

  • Possibilities
  • Unintended, negative effects of TV, radio, automobile, etc., as historical contrast with today
  • Esther Dyson
  • Nicholas Negroponte
  • Kevin Kelly, Wired
  • Paul Saffo
  • Robert Johansen, Institute for the Future
  • Robert Heinlein
  • Jerry Mander
  • Neil Postman
  • Visit to Xerox PARC
  • Sci-Fi Column in the Reporter

Education

 

  • Educational software panel
  • CEO of Western Governor's Virtual University
  • Alan Tripp (GSB '89), Score
  • John Doerr, Kleiner Perkins
  • Tim Cuneo, Joint Venture Silicon Valley
  • David Dwyer, Computer Curriculum Corporation
  • Partnerships for Education (GSB)(e.g., visits to schools using tech well/poorly)
  • I Have a Dream (GSB) (e.g., technology training)

Virtual Communities

  • E-mail as new form of communication (good and bad)
  • Internet as means of promoting tolerance
  • Role/future of public libraries
  • Telecommuting and the workplace
  • Steve Case, CEO, America Online
  • Microsoft (e.g., GSB intranetc project)
  • Blacksburg, Virginia (collaboration of city, university, and Bell Atlantic)
  • Digital City, San Francisco
  • Planet Out, only venture based virtual community

Pubic Policy and Politics

  • Role of IT in political change
  • Role of IT in international conflicts
  • Online activism
  • Government efficiency
  • Intra-government knowledge sharing
  • Technology and equity
  • Voting/civic involvement
  • Campaign reform/Voting process