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The Allocation of Talent and U.S. Economic Growth
In 1960, 94 percent of doctors and lawyers were white men. By 2010, the fraction was just 62 percent. Similar changes in other highly‐skilled occupations have occurred throughout the U.S. economy during the last 50 years. Given that the innate…
Search Advertising and Information Discovery: Are Consumers Averse to Sponsored Messages?
We analyze a large-scale field experiment conducted on a US search engine in which 3.3 million users were randomized into seeing more, or less advertising. Our data rejects that users are, overall, averse to search advertising targeted to them.…
Fair Value Accounting: The Eternal Debate
The last financial crisis led to a vigorous debate still in place about the pros and cons of fair-value accounting (FVA). While detractors basically argue its potential negative impact on potential and financial stability or inadequacy in…
The 10 Laws of Trust: Building the Bonds That Make a Business Great
Trust is the glue that holds an organization together. It turns deflection into transparency, suspicion into empowerment, and conflict into creativity. With it, a tiny company like John Deere grew into a worldwide leader. Without it, a giant…
Efficient Policy Learning
There has been considerable interest across several fields in methods that reduce the problem of learning good treatment assignment policies to the problem of accurate policy evaluation. Given a class of candidate policies, these methods first…
Toward a Corporate Culture of Health: Results of a National Survey
Policy Points
- The private sector has large potential influence over social determinants of health, but we have limited information about how businesses perceive or engage in actions to promote health and well‐being.
- We…
Tied by Institutionalization: A Formal Theory and Evidence
This paper deals with a central challenge in organizational sociology: to predict adaptive capabilities in changing environments. We address theoretical and methodological gaps in existing research. First, whereas researchers have long…
Supply Chain Compliance
Responsible supply chain is about ensuring that members of the supply chain are responsible for the well-being of the people and mother earth. There are both the environmental responsibility side and the social responsibility side. On top of this…
And the Winner Is…? Forecasting the Outcome of Others’ Competitive Efforts
People frequently forecast the outcomes of competitive events. Some forecasts are about oneself (e.g., forecasting how one will perform in an athletic competition, school or job application, or professional contest), while many other forecasts…
Dinner Table Human Capital and Entrepreneurship
We document three new facts about entrepreneurship. First, a majority of male entrepreneurs start a firm in the same or a closely related industry as their fathers’ industry of employment. Second, this tendency is correlated with intelligence:…
How Rigged Are Stock Markets? Evidence from Microsecond Timestamps
Using new data from the two U.S. securities information processors (SIPs) between August 6, 2015 and June 30, 2016, we examine claims that high-frequency trading (HFT) firms use direct feeds to exploit traders who rely on SIP prices. Across $3.7…
Proper Scoring Rules with General Preferences: A Dual Characterization of Optimal Reports
Proper scoring rules incentivize truthful probability reports from risk-neutral individuals. For individuals with much more general preferences (including risk and ambiguity aversion) we use duality techniques to characterize the optimal report…
The Black–Scholes–Merton Model as an Idealization of Discrete-Time Economies
This book examines whether continuous-time models in frictionless financial economies can be well approximated by discrete-time models. It specifically looks to answer the question: in what sense and to what extent does the famous Black-Scholes-…
The Effects of Rent Control Expansion on Tenants, Landlords, and Inequality: Evidence from San Francisco
Using a 1994 law change, we exploit quasi-experimental variation in the assignment of rent control in San Francisco to study its impacts on tenants and landlords. Leveraging new data tracking individuals’ migration, we find rent control limits…
The Limits of Meritocracy: Screening Bureaucrats Under Imperfect Verifiability
Does bureaucratic ability predict promotion in governments? We show that self-reported performance in enforcing the One Child Policy predicts mayoral promotion in China. However, misreporting handicaps screening — a non-manipulated performance…
The Myth of Morrison
Using a sample of 388 securities fraud lawsuits filed between 2002 and 2017 against foreign issuers, we examine the effect of the Supreme Court’s decision in Morrison v. National Australia Bank Ltd. We find that the description of Morrison as a…
Using Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks for the Design of Monte Carlo Simulations
Researchers often use artificial data to assess the performance of new econometric methods. In many cases the data generating processes used in these Monte Carlo studies do not resemble real data sets and instead reflect many arbitrary decisions…
Valuing Peace: The Effects of Financial Market Exposure on Votes and Political Attitudes
Can participation in financial markets lead individuals to re-evaluate the costs of conflict, change their political attitudes and even their votes? Prior to the 2015 Israeli elections, we randomly assigned Palestinian and Israeli financial…
When Individual Goal Pursuit Turns Competitive: How We Sabotage and Coast
People working toward individual goals often find themselves surrounded by others who are pursuing similar goals, such as at school, in fitness classes, and through goal-oriented network devices like Fitbit. This research explores when these…
When Silver is Gold: Forecasting the Potential Creativity of Initial Ideas
Past research on idea evaluation has focused on how individuals evaluate the creativity of finalized ideas. But idea evaluation is also important early in the creative process, when individuals must forecast the potential creativity of rough…