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Journal Articles

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View scholarly works-in-progress by Stanford GSB faculty, which often appear in final form in academic journals.

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Journal Article

Complementarities, Momentum, and the Evolution of Modern Manufacturing

Paul R. Milgrom, Yingyi Qian, John Roberts (1945–2026)
American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings May1991 Vol. 81 Issue 2 Pages 84-88.

In the 19th century, the railroad and telegraph were at the center of a set of technological advances, physical investments and managerial innovations that transformed American industry (Alfred Chandler). Later, the automobile and telephone…

Journal Article

PDE Solutions of Stochastic Differential Utility

Darrell Duffie, Pierre-Louis Lions
Journal of Mathematical Economics April1991 Vol. 21 Issue 6 Pages 577-606.
Journal Article

Understanding the Japanese as Customers, Competitors, and Collaborators

David Bruce Montgomery (1938–2025)
Science Direct April1991 Vol. 3 Issue 1 Pages 61-91.

The Japanese have devoted substantial time and resources to understanding Western markets and competitors. The West has typically not reciprocated. The resulting information asymmetry has contributed to Japanese competitive success. The article…

Journal Article

Comparing the Predictive Powers of Alternative Multiple Regression Models

Michael Hagerty, V. “Seenu” Srinivasan
Psychometrika March1991 Vol. 56 Issue 1 Pages 77-85.

Mean squared error of prediction is used as the criterion for determining which of two multiple regression models (not necessarily nested) is more predictive. We show that an unrestricted (or true) model with t…

Journal Article

Determining Inter-Brand Substitutability through Survey Measurement of Consumer Preference Structures

Randolph E. Bucklin, V. “Seenu” Srinivasan
Journal of Marketing Research February1991 Vol. 28 Issue 1 Pages 58-71.

The authors develop a survey approach to determine cross-price elasticities and switching matrices for brands in a prespecified product class. The survey determines for each household whether to elicit multiple subhousehold preference…

Journal Article

Mean-Variance Hedging in Continuous Time

Darrell Duffie, Henry R. Richardson
The Annals of Applied Probability February1991 Vol. 1 Issue 1 Pages 1-15.
Journal Article

Supplemental Data and the Structure of Thrift Share Prices

Mary E. Barth, William H. Beaver (1940–2024), Christopher H. Stinson
The Accounting Review January1991 Vol. 66 Issue 1 Pages 56-66.

This study examines thrifts’ supplemental disclosures with respect to default risk (scheduled items) and interest rate risk (repricing data). It represents an extension of a recent study (Beaver, Eger, Ryan, and Wolfson 1989; hereafter BERW),…

Journal Article

The Arithmetic of Active Management

William F. Sharpe
The Financial Analysts' Journal January1991 Vol. 47 Issue 1 Pages 7-9.

The abstract for this item is not available.

Working Paper

Adoption of Technologies with Network Effects

Garth Saloner, Andrea Shepard
1991

The literature on networks suggests that the value of a network is positively affected by the number of geographically dispersed locations it serves (the “network effect”) and the number of its users (the “production scale effect”). We show that…

Working Paper

Altruism and Philanthropy: Religious and Secular Approaches

Morris E. Eson, Eugene J. Webb
1991

Abstract not available.

Working Paper

Asset Pricing with Stochastic Differential Utility

Darrell Duffie, Larry Epstein
1991

This paper presents asset pricing theory with representative-agent utility given by a stochastic differential formulation of recursive utility. Asset returns are characterized from general first order conditions of the Hamilton-Bellman-Jacobi…

Journal Article

Birth Order, Family Size, and Achievement

Daniel P. Kessler
Journal of Labor Economics 1991 Vol. 9 Issue 4 Pages 413-426.

Do birth order and the size of one’s childhood family influence environment, thereby potentially affecting future achievement? This article investigates the hypothesis that they do, presenting two major empirical findings. First, neither birth…

Working Paper

Campaign Contributions and Party-Candidate Competition in Services and Policies

David P. Baron, Jongryn Mo
1991

I. Introduction Political parties, their candidates, and their contributors are involved in a complex relationship in which policy positions are taken by parties, candidates compete for votes and for campaign contributions, interest groups and…

Working Paper

Capital Income Taxation and International Portfolio Choice

Ingrid Werner
1991

Distortionary proportional capital income taxation is shown to cause both static effects via portfolio re-allocation and dynamic effects via changes in the value of a claim to future transfers as well as via perceived changes in the future…

Working Paper

Conceptualizing, Measuring, and Managing Customer-based Brand Equity

Kevin Keller
1991

A conceptual model of brand equity from the perspective of the individual consumer is presented. Customer-based brand equity is defined as the differential effect that knowledge about the brand has on consumer response to marketing activity for…

Working Paper

Consumer Expectations and Loss-Leader Pricing In Retail Stores

Rajiv Lal
1991

In this paper we analyze the price and advertising strategies for firms competing for the demand of an assortment of goods in an environment with imperfect information. We obtain advertising and loss-leader pricing as an equilibrium outcome.…

Working Paper

Continuous-Time Security Pricing: A Utility Gradient Approach

Darrell Duffie, Costis Skiadas
1991

This paper develops an infinite horizon, continuous-time, single-agent security pricing model. No restrictions are placed on the underlying information filtration (other than the “usual conditions”) and the agent is assumed to have a monotone…

Working Paper

Converting from Independent to Employee Sales Forces: The Role of Perceived Switching Costs

Erin Anderson, Allen Weiss
1991

Manufacturers selling into the U.S. market often use independent sales agencies (manufacturers’ representatives) to serve some or all of their customers. We model a manufacturer’s intention to replace its independent sales agents by…

Journal Article

Corporate Financial Hedging with Proprietary Information

Peter M. DeMarzo
Journal of Economic Theory 1991 Vol. 1991 Pages 261-286.

If a firm has information pertinent to its own dividend stream that is not made available to its shareholders, it may be in the interests of the firm and its shareholders to adopt a financial hedging policy. This is in contrast with the…

Journal Article

Development and Testing of a Model of Consideration Set Composition

James M. Lattin
Journal of Marketing Research 1991

The authors develop a model of consideration set composition. The approach taken is to compare the marginal expected benefits of including an additional brand in the consideration set with its associated cons of consideration. From an expression…