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White Paper

Preparing for Generative AI in the 2024 Election: Recommendations and Best Practices Based on Academic Research

Ethan Bueno de Mesquita, Brandice Canes-Wrone, Andrew B. Hall, Kristian Lum, Gregory J. Martin, Yamil Ricardo Velez
Stanford Graduate School of Business and the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy November2023

The rapid development of generative AI technology is transforming the political landscape, presenting both challenges and opportunities for the 2024 US election. This document provides a research-based overview of the potential impact of…

Working Paper

Proportional Response: Contextual Bandits for Simple and Cumulative Regret Minimization

Sanath Kumar Krishnamurthy, Ruohan Zhan, Susan Athey, Emma Brunskill
November2023

In many applications, e.g. in healthcare and e-commerce, the goal of a contextual bandit may be to learn an optimal treatment assignment policy at the end of the experiment. That is, to minimize simple regret. However, this objective remains…

Journal Article

Proportional Response: Contextual Bandits for Simple and Cumulative Regret Minimization

Sanath Kumar Krishnamurthy, Ruohan Zhan, Susan Athey, Emma Brunskill
Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 36 (NeurIPS 2023) November2023

In many applications, e.g. in healthcare and e-commerce, the goal of a contextual bandit may be to learn an optimal treatment assignment policy at the end of the experiment. That is, to minimize simple regret. However, this objective remains…

Journal Article

Revealed versus Potential Spatial Accessibility of Healthcare and Changing Patterns during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Kristina Gligorić, Chaitanya Kamath, Daniel J. Weiss, Shailesh Bavadekar, Yun Liu, Tomer Shekel, Kevin A. Schulman, Evgeniy Gabrilovich
Communications Medicine November2023 Vol. 3 Issue 1

Spatial access to healthcare facilities (i.e., how long people need to travel to reach care) is important for understanding public health, but hard to measure. Most research so far has focused on theoretical (potential) travel times. Using…

Journal Article

Ripple Effects of Hospital Team Faultlines on Patient Outcomes

Ren Li, Virginia K. Choi, Michele J. Gelfand
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences November2023 Vol. 120 Issue 47

Medical errors are rampant across healthcare settings, imposing a significant burden on patient safety. Here, we examined the ripple effects of diversity splits, or faultlines, within hospital teams on patient safety and care. Hospitals consist…

Journal Article

The Design of Macroprudential Stress Tests

Dmitry Orlov, Pavel Zryumov, Andrzej Skrzypacz
The Review of Financial Studies November2023 Vol. 36 Issue 11 Pages 4460–4501.

We study the design of stress tests that provide information about aggregate and idiosyncratic risk in banks’ portfolios and impose contingent capital requirements. In the optimal static test, an adverse scenario fails all weak and some strong…

Journal Article

The Rest of the World’s Dollar-Weighted Return on U.S. Treasurys

Zhengyang Jiang, Arvind Krishnamurthy, Hanno Lustig
IMF Economic Review November2023

Since 1980, foreign investors have timed their purchases and sales of U.S. Treasurys to yield particularly low returns. Their annual “dollar-weighted” returns, measured by the internal rate of return on their purchases and sales of Treasury bonds…

Journal Article

Trends in State and Local Pension Funds

Oliver Giesecke, Joshua D. Rauh
Annual Review of Financial Economics November2023 Vol. 15 Pages 221–238.

Unfunded public pension obligations represent the largest liability for state and local governments in the United States. As of fiscal year 2021, the total reported unfunded liabilities of these plans are $1.076 trillion. In contrast, the market…

Journal Article

Uncovering the Semantics of Concepts Using GPT-4

Gaël Le Mens, Balázs Kovács, Michael T. Hannan, Guillem Pros
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences November2023 Vol. 120 Issue 49

The ability of recent Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 to generate human-like texts suggests that social scientists could use these LLMs to construct measures of semantic similarity that match human judgment. In this article…

Working Paper

What Kinds of Incentives Encourage Participation in Democracy? Evidence from a Massive Online Governance Experiment

Andrew B. Hall, Eliza R. Oak
November2023

How can we democratically govern the AI, social media, and online platforms of the future? Today, low participation is a major barrier to community governance online. We leverage a digital quasi-experiment that allows us to study the links…

Working Paper

Area Conditions and Positive Incentives: Engaging Local Communities to Protect Forests

Xavier Sebastian Warnes, Joann F. de Zegher, Dan A. Iancu, Erica Plambeck
October302023

Tropical deforestation for agriculture causes alarming CO2 emissions and loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. To prevent this, various governments and multinational commodity-buyers offer a positive incentive for locals conditional on no…

Journal Article

Can Personalized Digital Counseling Improve Consumer Search for Modern Contraceptive Methods?

Susan Athey, Katy Bergstrom, Vitor Hadad, Julian C. Jamison, Berk Özler, Luca Parisotto, Julius Dohbit Sama
Science Advances October2023 Vol. 9 Issue 40

This paper analyzes a randomized controlled trial of a personalized digital counseling intervention addressing informational constraints and choice architecture, cross-randomized with discounts for long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs),…

Journal Article

A Century of Pluralistic Ignorance: What We Have Learned About Its Origins, Forms, and Consequences

Dale T. Miller
Frontiers in Social Psychology October2023 Vol. 1

The concept of pluralistic ignorance was introduced a century ago by social psychologist, Floyd Allport. It has been broadly applied in the social sciences, including psychology, sociology, political science, and economics. Pluralistic ignorance…

Journal Article

Complex Asset Markets

Andrea L. Eisdeldt, Hanno Lustig, Lei Zhang
The Journal of Finance October2023 Vol. 78 Issue 5 Pages 2519–2562.

Investors’ individual arbitrage models introduce idiosyncratic risk into complex asset strategies, driving up average returns and Sharpe ratios. However, despite the attractive risk-return trade-off, participation is limited. This is because…

Journal Article

Contracting in Peer Networks

Peter M. DeMarzo, Ron Kaniel
The Journal of Finance October2023 Vol. 78 Issue 5 Pages 2725–2778.

We consider multi-agent multi-firm contracting when agents benchmark their wages to those of their peers, using weights that vary within and across firms. When a single principal commits to a public contract, optimal contracts hedge relative wage…

Working Paper

Corporate Tax Policy in Developed Countries and Economic Activity in Africa

Jeffrey L. Hoopes, Daniel Klein, Rebecca Lester, Marcel Olbert
October2023

This paper studies whether tax policies in developed nations affect developing economies. We study firm investment responses to a major reform that reduced the corporate income tax rate for U.K.-based firms. Our identification strategy compares…

Journal Article

Estimated Average Treatment Effect of Psychiatric Hospitalization in Patients with Suicidal Behaviors

Eric L. Ross, Robert M. Bossarte, Steven K. Dobscha, Sarah M. Gildea, Irving Hwang, Chris J. Kennedy, Howard Liu, Alex Luedtke, Brian P. Marx, Matthew K. Nock, Maria V. Petukhova, Nancy A. Sampson, Nur Hani Zainal, Erik Sverdrup, Stefan Wager, Ronald C. Kessler
JAMA Psychiatry October2023

Importance Psychiatric hospitalization is the standard of care for patients presenting to an emergency department (ED) or urgent care (UC) with high suicide risk. However, the effect of hospitalization in reducing subsequent…

Journal Article

Financial Literacy and Financial Well-Being: Evidence from the U.S.

Annamaria Lusardi, Jialu L. Streeter
Journal of Financial Literacy and Wellbeing October2023 Pages 1–30.

This paper examines financial literacy in the United States, using the 2021 National Financial Capability Study data. A large volume of papers have demonstrated the importance of financial knowledge and documented the low level of financial…

Journal Article

Human-like Intuitive Behavior and Reasoning Biases Emerged in Large Language Models but Disappeared in ChatGPT

Thilo Hagendorff, Sarah Fabi, Michal Kosinski
Nature Computational Science October2023 Vol. 3 Pages 833–838.

We design a battery of semantic illusions and cognitive reflection tests, aimed to elicit intuitive yet erroneous responses. We administer these tasks, traditionally used to study reasoning and decision-making in humans, to OpenAI’s generative…

Journal Article

Information Acquisition, Efficiency, and Non-Fundamental Volatility

Benjamin Hébert, Jennifer La'O
Journal of Political Economy October2023 Vol. 131 Issue 10

We analyze non-fundamental volatility and efficiency in large games featuring strategic interaction and endogenous information acquisition. We adopt the rational inattention approach to information acquisition but generalize to a large class of…