Researchers have long recognized the importance of studying resistance to attitude change. As reviewed at the outset of this chapter, resistance research over the years largely has focused on understanding when, why, and how people resist. In the persuasion domain, this emphasis is a natural consequence of people’s interest in identifying ways to overcome resistance as a means of increasing persuasion (Knowles & Linn, 2004). This chapter presents a metacognitive framework for resistance suggesting that in addition to understanding when, why, and how people resist persuasion, it also is important to understand the implications of this resistance for people’s attitudes. That is, once people have resisted persuasion by conventional standards, what happens to their attitudes? As predicted by the resistance appraisals hypothesis, when people resist, they can perceive their resistance, assess their resistance performance, and make specifiable attribution-like inferences about their attitudes that have implications for attitude certainty. Depending on people’s metacognitive assessments, attitude certainty can increase or decrease following initial resistance and this effect can alter the future lives of people’s attitudes. This perspective makes interesting predictions that extend beyond the domain of traditional resistance research. Although some of these predictions await empirical scrutiny, exploring new domains from the current perspective may offer a new and innovative approach to other important areas of research and practice.