This chapter is about people’s attempts to resist persuasion by counterarguing and the consequences of the attempted resistance for the strength of the resulting attitudes. The authors’ framework can be stated simply in 3 propositions. First, when people attempt to counterargue a message, sometimes they resist the message and attitudes do not change, but at other times, despite the attempted counterarguing, attitudes are changed in the direction of the advocacy. Second, when people do not change attitudes following counterarguing, sometimes their confidence in their old attitudes is increased, but sometimes confidence in their old attitudes is decreased. Third, when people change their attitudes despite attempted counterarguing, sometimes confidence in the new attitudes is increased compared with situations in which the attitudes are changed the same amount but without attempted counterarguing, but sometimes confidence in the new attitudes is decreased compared with situations in which counterarguing was not attempted. Because numerous outcomes are possible, the objective in this chapter is to outline the conditions under which each of these effects is likely to occur and to present some preliminary research on the topic. Similarities to W. J. McGuire’s work are noted.