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View abstract and ordering information for case studies written and published by faculty at Stanford GSB.

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Alternative Models of Governance

David F. Larcker, Brian Tayan
CGRI Quick Guide Series Corporate Governance Research Initiative September2020

Other organizational structures exist besides public corporations. Examples include family-controlled businesses, venture-backed companies, private equity-owned businesses, and nonprofit organizations. Each of these faces their own issues…

Journal Article

Doubly Robust Treatment Effect Estimation with Missing Attributes

Imke Mayer, Erik Sverdrup, Tobias Gauss, Jean-Denis Moyer, Stefan Wager, Julie Josse
Annals of Applied Statistics September2020 Vol. 14 Issue 3 Pages 1409–1431.

Missing attributes are ubiquitous in causal inference, as they are in most applied statistical work. In this paper we consider various sets of assumptions under which causal inference is possible despite missing attributes and discuss…

Journal Article

Equity Is Cheap for Large Financial Institutions

Priyank Gandhi, Hanno Lustig, Alberto Plazzi
The Review of Financial Studies September2020 Vol. 33 Issue 9 Pages 4231–4271.

Across a wide panel of countries, the top 10% of financial stocks on average account for over 20% of a country’s market capitalization but earn on average significantly lower returns than do non-financial firms of the same size and risk exposures…

Journal Article

Financial Literacy and Financial Resilience: Evidence from Around the World

Leora Klapper, Annamaria Lusardi
Financial Management September2020 Vol. 49 Issue 3 Pages 589–614.

We measure financial literacy using questions assessing basic knowledge of four fundamental concepts in financial decision making: knowledge of interest rates, interest compounding, inflation, and risk diversification. Worldwide, just one in…

Journal Article

Grade Inflation in Restaurant Hygiene Inspections: Repeated Interactions Between Inspectors and Restaurateurs

Balázs Kovács, David Lehman, Glenn R. Carroll
Food Policy September2020

Restaurant hygiene grading schemes are considered exemplars of targeted transparency policies. We investigate the impact of an administrative design feature found in many schemes: repeated interactions between health inspectors and restaurateurs…

Working Paper

Improving Match Rates in Dating Markets Through Assortment Optimization

Ignacio Ríos, Daniela Saban, Fanyin Zheng
September2020

Problem definition: We study how online platforms can leverage the behavioral considerations of their users to improve their assortment decisions. Motivated by our collaboration with a dating company, we study how a platform…

Journal Article

Nonrivalry and the Economics of Data

Charles I. Jones, Christopher Tonetti
American Economic Review September2020 Vol. 110 Issue 9 Pages 2819-2858.

Data is nonrival: a person’s location history, medical records, and driving data can be used by any number of firms simultaneously. Nonrivalry leads to increasing returns and implies an important role for market structure and property…

Working Paper

Policy Learning with Observational Data

Susan Athey, Stefan Wager
September2020

In many areas, practitioners seek to use observational data to learn a treatment assignment policy that satisfies application-specific constraints, such as budget, fairness, simplicity, or other functional form constraints. For example, policies…

Stanford Closer Look

Sharing the Pain: How Did Boards Adjust CEO Pay in Response to COVID-19?

Amit Batish, Andrew Gordon, David F. Larcker, Brian Tayan, Edward M. Watts, Courtney Yu
Stanford Closer Look Series Corporate Governance Research Initiative September2020

Scrutiny of CEO pay increases during times of economic stress, when it is not clear how much pay CEOs should receive when corporate profitability suffers due to an unforeseen decline in the operating environment. On the one hand, the board might…

Journal Article

The Automatic Influence of Advocacy on Lawyers and Novices

David Melnikoff, Nina Strohminger
Nature Human Behaviour September2020 Vol. 4 Pages 1258–1264.

It has long been known that advocating for a cause can alter the advocate’s beliefs. Yet a guiding assumption of many advocates is that the biasing effect of advocacy is controllable. Lawyers, for instance, are taught that they can retain…

Other Publication

The Debt Pandemic

Jeremy I. Bulow, Carmen Reinhart, Kenneth Rogoff, Christoph Trebesch
Finance & Development September2020 Vol. 57 Issue 3 Pages 12–16.

The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly lengthened the list of developing and emerging market economies in debt distress. For some, a crisis is imminent. For many more, only exceptionally low global interest rates may be delaying a reckoning.…

Working Paper

Unpaired Kidney Exchange: Overcoming Double Coincidence of Wants without Money

Mohammad Akbarpour, Julien Combe, Yinghua He, Victor Hiller, Robert Shimer, Olivier Tercieux
September2020

For an incompatible patient-donor pair, kidney exchanges often forbid receipt-before-donation (the patient receives a kidney before the donor donates) and donation-before-receipt, causing a double-coincidence-of-wants problem. Our proposed…

Journal Article

Vertical Differentiation, Product Innovation, and Dynamic Competition

David P. Baron
Journal of Economics & Management Strategy September2020 Vol. 29 Issue 3 Pages 635–662.

This paper presents an infinite horizon dynamic model in which two firms compete in a market vertically differentiated by the qualities of their products and consumers have heterogeneous preferences for quality. Given the product qualities…

Working Paper

The Impact of Payment Frequency on Subjective Wealth Perceptions and Discretionary Spending

Wendy De La Rosa, Stephanie M. Tully
August292020

An increasingly popular trend is for consumers to get paid more often, resulting in more frequent, yet smaller paychecks. However, surprisingly little is known about whether and how payment frequency impacts consumer behavior. The current work…

Working Paper

Consumption Vouchers during COVID-19: Evidence from E-Commerce

Di Wu, Harikesh S. Nair, Tong Geng
August282020

As households reduce discretionary spending in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns are high that a resulting fall in aggregate demand can lead to a lasting recession post-COVID-19. Consequently, policies aimed at stimulating consumer…

Working Paper

Manufacturing Risk-Free Government Debt

Zhengyang Jiang, Hanno Lustig, Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh, Mindy Z. Xiaolan
August172020

When debt is priced fairly, governments face a trade-off between insuring bondholders and taxpayers. If the government decides to fully insure bondholders by manufacturing risk-free debt, then it cannot insure taxpayers against permanent macro-…

Working Paper

Alpha-1 Adrenergic Receptor Antagonists for Preventing Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death from Cytokine Storm Syndrome

Allison Koenecke, Michael Powell, Ruoxuan Xiong, Zhu Shen, Nicole Fischer, Sakibul Huq, Adham M. Khalafallah, Marco Trevisan, Pär Sparen, Juan J. Carrero, Akihiko Nishimura, Brian Caffo, Elizabeth A. Stuart, Renyuan Bai, Verena Staedtke, Nickolas Papadopoulos, Kenneth W. Kinzler, Bert Vogelstein, Shibin Zhou, Chetan Bettegowda, Maximilian F. Konig, Brett Mensh, Joshua T. Vogelstein, Susan Athey
August2020

In severe viral pneumonia, including Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the viral replication phase is often followed by hyperinflammation (‘cytokine storm syndrome’), which can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure,…

Journal Article

Brokering Orientations and Social Capital: Influencing Others’ Relationships Shapes Status and Trust

Nir Halevy, Eliran Halali, Taya R. Cohen
Journal of Personality & Social Psychology August2020 Vol. 119 Issue 2 Pages 293–316.

Individuals often influence others’ relationships, for better or worse. We conceptualize social influence processes that impact others’ social networks as brokering, and advance a multifaceted model that explains how brokering behaviors can…

Journal Article

Cost Saving and the Freezing of Corporate Pension Plans

Joshua D. Rauh, Irina Stefanescu, Stephen P. Zeldes
Journal of Public Economics August2020 Vol. 188

Companies that freeze defined benefit pension plans save the equivalent of 13.5% of the long-horizon payroll of current employees. Furthermore, firms with higher prospective accruals are more likely to freeze their plans. Cost savings would not…

Journal Article

Debates: Voting and Expenditure Responses to Political Communication

Kelly Bidwell, Katherine Casey, Rachel Glennerster
Journal of Political Economy August2020 Vol. 128 Issue 8 Pages 2880-2924.

Candidate debates have a rich history and remain integral to contemporary campaign strategy. There is, however, little evidence that they affect the behavior of voters or politicians. The scarcity of political information in the developing world…