Working Papers

These papers are working drafts of research which often appear in final form in academic journals. The published versions may differ from the working versions provided here.

SSRN Research Paper Series

The Social Science Research Network’s Research Paper Series includes working papers produced by Stanford GSB the Rock Center.

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Do Jobseekers Value Diversity Information? Evidence from a Field Experiment

Jung Ho Choi, Joseph Pacelli, Kristina M. Rennekamp, Sorabh Tomar
February2022

We examine how information about the diversity of a potential employer’s workforce affects individuals’ job-seeking behavior, and whether workers’ preferences explain corporate disclosure decisions. We embed a field experiment in job…

Creditor Control Rights and Executive Bonus Plans

Christopher S. Armstrong, John D. Kepler, Chongho Kim, David Tsui
December12021

We study whether and how creditors exercise their control rights to shape their borrowers’ executive compensation plans. Highly levered borrowers often face incentives to underinvest due to agency conflicts driven by differences in time horizon…

Quality Transparency and Healthcare Competition

John D. Kepler, Valeri V. Nikolaev, Nicholas Scott-Hearn, Christopher R. Stewart
November142021

Transparency of quality in the healthcare sector primarily aims to facilitate patients’ care decisions, however, it also provides useful information to competing healthcare providers. We study how competitors respond to increased transparency…

Corporate Carbon Reduction Pledges: An Effective Tool to Mitigate Climate Change?

Stephen D. Comello, Julia Reichelstein, Stefan J. Reichelstein
November2021

In this article we first summarize the specific plans articulated by seven major corporations for reducing their Corporate Carbon Footprints (abbreviated as CCF from hereon). Our sample is not intended to be representative of the broader…

The Evolution of Empirical Methods in Accounting Research and the Growth of Quasi-Experiments

Christopher S. Armstrong, John D. Kepler, Delphine Samuels, Daniel Taylor
October22021

This paper reviews the empirical methods used in the accounting literature to draw causal inferences. Similar to other social science disciplines, recent years have seen a burgeoning growth in the use of methods that seek to provide as-if random…

Financial Reporting and Consumer Behavior

Suzie Noh, Eric C. So, Christina Zhu
September282021

We find that financial reporting spurs consumer behavior. Using granular GPS data, we find that foot-traffic to firms’ commerce locations significantly increases in the days following their earnings announcements. Foot-traffic increases more for…

Stealth Acquisitions and Product Market Competition

John D. Kepler, Vic Naiker, Christopher R. Stewart
August262021

We examine whether and how firms structure their merger and acquisition (M&A) deals to avoid scrutiny from antitrust regulators. There are approximately 40% more M&As than expected bunching just below thresholds that trigger antitrust…

Transparency of the “Net-Zero by 2050 Club”

Stephen D. Comello, Julia Reichelstein, Stefan J. Reichelstein
July182021

As governments around the world reaffirm their commitments to reduce carbon emissions at the national level, numerous global corporations have recently issued their own carbon reduction pledges. Such corporate “Net-Zero Club by 20xx”…

Supply Constraints and Directors’ Reputational Incentives

John D. Kepler, Christopher S. Armstrong, Shawn Shi, David Tsui
July2021

We study the labor market consequences that result from directors’ limited capacity to sit on boards and their resulting incentives stemming from career concerns and future prospects. We find that directors who leave one board are more likely to…

Clean Energy Technologies: Dynamics of Cost and Price

Gunther Glenk, Rebecca Meier, Stefan J. Reichelstein
April2021

The rapid transition to a decarbonized energy economy is widely believed to hinge on the rate of cost improvements for certain clean energy technologies, in particular renewable power and energy storage. This paper adopts the classical learning-…

Financial Flexibility and Corporate Employment

Rebecca Lester, Ethan Rouen, Braden Williams
April2021

We study the role of financial flexibility on COVID-19 employment actions. Using daily data from March through May 2020 for 354 of the largest U.S. employers, we find that firms facing a negative demand shock were 28.8 percentage points more…

Fraudulent Financial Reporting and the Consequences for Employees

Jung Ho Choi, Brandon Gipper
March2021

We combine U.S. Census data with SEC enforcement actions to examine employees’ outcomes, such as wages and turnover, before, during, and after periods of fraudulent financial reporting. We find that fraud firms’ employees lose about 50…

Analyst Forecast Revision Consistency and Bias in Earnings Forecast Revisions

Mary E. Barth, Wayne R. Landsman, Vivek Raval, Sean Wang
January2021

We address whether analysts bias earnings forecast revisions and convey the bias using forecast revision consistency, i.e., the extent to which analyst reports with earnings forecast revisions include stock recommendation and target price…

Not Just for Investors: The Role of Earnings Announcements in Guiding Job Seekers

Bong-Geun Choi, Jung Ho Choi, Sara Malik
November302020

This paper examines whether, when, and why job seekers use firms’ financial information in the job search process. We find first evidence of financial information’s relevance to job seekers by documenting a substantial increase in job search…

Board Diversity and Shareholder Voting

Ian D. Gow, David F. Larcker, Edward M. Watts
November162020

The lack of board diversity is one of the most controversial topics in corporate board governance. We investigate one important influence on diversity by studying whether shareholders value diversity on corporate boards in director elections.…

Experimental Design in Two-Sided Platforms: An Analysis of Bias

Ramesh Johari, Hannah Li, Gabriel Weintraub
June162020

We develop an analytical framework to study experimental design in two-sided platforms. In the settings we consider, customers rent listings; rented listings are occupied for some amount of time, then become available. Platforms typically use two…

Life-Cycle Cost of Transportation Services

Stephen D. Comello, Gunther Glenk, Stefan J. Reichelstein
May2020

The rapid deployment of electric vehicles is widely viewed as a promising path towards decarbonizing the transportation sector. The pace at which electric vehicles will replace those with internal combustion engines will depend to a large…

The Impact of Carbon Disclosure Mandates on Emissions and Financial Operating Performance

Benedikt Downar, Jürgen Ernstberger, Stefan J. Reichelstein, Sebastian Schwenen, Aleksandar Zaklan
May2020

We examine whether a disclosure mandate for greenhouse gas emissions creates stakeholder pressure for firms to subsequently reduce their emissions. For UK-incorporated listed firms such a mandate was adopted in 2013. Using a difference-in-…

Information in Mandatory and Voluntary Earnings Announcement Date Forecasts

Mary E. Barth, Greg Clinch, Paul Ma
April2020

We address whether mandatory forecasts of earnings announcement dates are informative and what are the informational tradeoffs between mandatory and voluntary forecasts. We find China mandatory forecasts predict actual earnings announcement dates…

Undisclosed SEC Investigations

Terrence Blackburne, John D. Kepler, Phillip J. Quinn, Daniel J. Taylor
April2020

One of the hallmarks of the SEC’s investigative process is that it is shrouded in secrecy — only the SEC staff, high-level managers of the company being investigated, and outside counsel are typically aware of active investigations. We obtain…